留白,也是一種哲學,寫意的藝術,不同於自西方希臘時代便發展而來的寫實藝術,更符合東方的含蓄與禪意。生長於日本的安藤忠雄,作品帶有強烈的簡約風格,清水模,便是他在建築設計上的留白──簡單、平靜且沉穩。
然而,已成為安藤忠雄人生代表標誌的清水混凝土卻不全然被買單:「曼徹斯特皮卡迪利花園的音樂噴泉」為他在英國的唯一作品,卻被曼徹斯特市民們嫌惡,認為這座建築毫無生氣、太過壓抑,無法帶給人明亮希望、活躍的氣息,因而決定拆除。另一方面,安藤忠雄於紐約曼哈頓的唯一作品152 Elizabeth則是讓繁忙的城中央耳目一新。如此兩極、褒貶參差的窘境,皆發生於2016年底,也因此有一說:「這段時間是安藤忠雄心境起伏最大的幾個月吧!」
儘管如此,獲得1995年普立茲克獎的安藤忠雄依然無庸置地,於建築界擁有相當的代表性,喜好就隨人吧!不過對於安藤忠雄而言,極簡主義一直是他心中不變的信念,從他話語的字裡行間中便可知曉,以下節錄10句大師的語錄,或許能從這些言談裡,了解安藤忠雄對於極簡主義的詮釋:
「極簡的基本就是簡單、純樸,但簡單卻缺乏深度僅能稱呼為廉價,只有簡單是不夠的。」
The essence of Minimalism is simplicity, but simplicity without depth is merely cheap. It is not enough.
「我認為建築不必說太多。建築應該保持沉默,讓光線與風為建築表達。」
I don’t believe architecture has to speak too much. It should remain silent and let nature in the guise of sunlight and wind.
「在我所有作品中,光線是最重要的控制因子。」
In all my works, light is an important controlling factor.
「我想創造令人們感動的空間,不論是幢房屋、一座美術館或者任何物件都好。就像是坐在草地上任由思緒遊走一般,感受到真正的快樂。這才是我一直以來所追求並努力著的事。」
I want to create a space that moves people. It doesn’t matter if it is a house, or a museum, or whatever. So, it is somebody sitting on that lawn, just going around and around and feeling really happy. That is something that I’m striving for.
「欣賞日式傳統建築時,必須連同日本文化和他們與大自然的關聯性一起看,那麼就能夠與大自然連結並和諧地共存,這是日本相當獨一無二的元素。」
When you look at Japanese traditional architecture, you have to look at Japanese culture and its relationship with nature. You can actually live in a harmonious, close contact with nature — this very unique to Japan.
「我希望建築能夠同時達成『簡明』,也希望達到擁有『深度』。建築應該是一個讓人在精神上能夠獲得充實飽滿力量的空間。」
I hope to achieve simplicity, but I also hope to achieve depth … I believe it is important that architecture should be a space where you feel spiritually empowered.
「我喜歡廢墟殘骸,因為儘管這些殘留下來的元件並非完整的設計,卻是建築背後清晰的想法、不加修飾的結構,以及建築的精神。」
I like ruins because what remains is not the total design, but the clarity of thought, the naked structure, the spirit of the thing.
「我想要創造出其他人做不到的── 一座非常寧靜的建築。……我想讓建築擁有一絲微妙的感性。我想創造出只有日本人才能達成的事物。」
I want to make something which no one else could, a very quiet piece of architecture … I would like to make architecture that has that subtle sensitivity. I would like to create something that only a Japanese person could do.
「打造一座建築就是在清晰澄澈的邏輯思考裡,以空間結構傳達真實世界裡的概念,像是大自然、歷史、傳統及社會。」
To create architecture is to express characteristic aspects of the real world such as nature, history, tradition and society, in a spatial structure, on the basis of a clear, transparent logic.
「如果給人們『虛無』,人們能夠從中思考『虛無』可以實現什麼。」
If you give people nothingness, they can ponder what can be achieved from that nothingness.
Text / Diane Tang
via / Archtizer